Which countries backed england

But my guess is that any economic consequences for the UK will be limited to a few percentage points on GDP. This will mean that for most people they are hardly noticable. This would of course be grist to the mill of the more Eurosceptic part of the German population. German domestic politics is not especially healthy at the moment, as is shown a. The fundamental problem is the AfD.

This is all speculation of course. I hope readers will forgive this long contribution, which I hope shows that it is really much more complicated than just the three indicators social, economic, political mentioned in the article.

I agree that the Euro and the redistribution of refugees will stay on top of the European agenda for some time. So this is fully accounted for in my exit index. Germany has a system of proportional representation and a tradition of coalition government, all embedded in a strong federal structure, which is what also enters my exit index. But I do agree that more than the nine indicators across three dimensions currently used could be added to the exit index in the future.

This is also mentioned in the conclusions of my paper. Dear Markus, thank you for the comments and the link to the paper, which I will look at. However let me make one clarification. By that I mean that several countries might try to escape part of the EU obligations by simply ignoring them.

Article 7 allows rights to be withdrawn from individual members, but only with unanimity among all other members. As I think we have seen recently with Hungary and Poland, this means there is a risk EU members can club together to defy the EU on particular issues.

Does anyone know? The EU is a supranational, as explained by Todd Huizinga, amongst others. It is an organisation which has become an institution. Conspiracies and conspiracy theories aside, it is by now widely known that the lead-up to the development of this hegemon-in-the-making accelerated after WWII, but has a more or less continuous connection with pre-democracy and pre- The Treaty of Westfalen European elites clinging to old and deep-rooted ideas about how society should be run and who should be in charge.

It is not only a deep-rooted leftover from times past, but inherent in the human psyche in the struggle for survival of the fittest. People organising themselves on a democratic basis predates Greek democracy. It was extant amongst the tribes along the North Sea coast but did not survive due to ongoing sociopolitical and associated developments.

The birth of democracy in its modern European form and subsequent distribution across the globe as a working system of government never did extinguish the very human trait of the struggle for supremacy between vying groups of politically active and astute managers of people and peoples by means of psychological control. The EU is controlled and run by a kind of people much in evidence since the western welfare state matured and started eating itself.

They are the kind of people who will never give up trying to keep control once they got it or trying to regain control after they lost it. Look at the Brexit trip from the time the referendum was first mooted. More information about the United Kingdom is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here:.

Embassy History of U. Relations With the United Kingdom U. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Home United Kingdom Relations With United Kingdom. Here's what some of them mean:. Transition period: The month period following the UK's exit from the EU finishing at the end of , during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.

Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders. Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another.

This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures. Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.

What is the Brexit transition period? How many trade deals has the UK done? I thought the UK had already left the EU? So what changes on 1 January? Overall the Leave campaign came top in nine of the UK's nations and regions, with the Remain campaign coming top in just three.

Full list of every voting area by support for the Leave campaign. Who turned out to vote? Over 30 million people voted. Younger people voted Remain. According to polling by Lord Ashcroft, younger voters were much more likely to vote Remain than older voters.